Definition

It is the inflammation of mucosa of nose and paranasal sinuses. It is said to be acute if duration is from 7 days to <4 weeks.

Etiology

•           Mechanical obstruction of nose (Deviated nasal septum, nasal polyps, hypertrophied turbinates).

•           Focal infection: nasal infection, adenotonsillitis, dental infection, trauma.

•           Mucociliary clearance abnormality like cystic fibrosis.

•           Allergy

•           Immunodeficiency.

•           Autonomic imbalance.

•           Hormones: pregnancy, Oral contraceptive pills (OCP).

•           Granulomatous conditions of nose.

•           Idiopathic.

Clinical Features

•           Facial pain or pressure over forehead or cheek(especially unilateral)

•           Hyposmia/anosmia

•           Nasal congestion

•           Nasal discharge

•           Postnasal drip

•           Fever

•           Cough

•           Fatigue

•           Maxillary dental pain

•           Earfullness/pressure

Lab Diagnosis

•           Diagnostic nasal endoscopy

•           Culture and sensitivity test of nasal discharge Radiological examination X Ray nose and PNS Management

A.  Non-Pharmacological

Steam inhalation & Hot fomentation

B.              Pharmacological

1.   Antibiotics

•           Amoxicillin

Adults                                     500- 875 mg P0TDS

Children                                30-40mg /kg/day in 3 divided doses

•           Amoxillin with clavulanic acid

Adults                                    625mgPOBD

Children                    375mg P0 BD

•           Erythromycin: given to those who are sensitive to penicillin. Adults            250-500mg PO q6-12 hrs Children      30-50 mg/kg/day P0 divided q6-12 hr

2.   Nasal decongestants drops

1% ephedrine oro.1%xylometazoline oxymetazoline

3.   Antipyretics and analgesics Paracetamol, Ibuprofen